The breakdown of the intestinal wall tight junctions, also known as increased intestinal permeability or “leaky gut,” is the primary source of many problems in the mind and body.

Here’s how:

• Intestinal wall tight junctions – the intestinal lining is composed of cells tightly connected by structures called tight junctions. These junctions form a barrier, preventing harmful substances like bacteria, toxins, and undigested food particles from entering the bloodstream.

• “Leaky Gut” – when these tight junctions become compromised, the intestinal barrier becomes more permeable. This allows unwanted bacteria, bacterial products (like lipopolysaccharides – LPS), and other substances to leak into the bloodstream.

• Systemic inflammation – LPS, a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, can trigger a strong inflammatory response in the body, known as systemic inflammation.

• Chronic inflammation – when LPS and other gut-derived substances enter the bloodstream, they can trigger a chronic low-grade inflammatory state – chronic inflammation.

• Atherosclerosis development – chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis, the buildup of plaque in the arteries.

• Plaque formation – inflammation promotes the accumulation of cholesterol and other substances within the arterial walls, forming plaques that can narrow the arteries.

• Increased blood pressure – chronic inflammation can also contribute to high blood pressure.

In summary:

Increased intestinal permeability allows unwanted bacterial products and other harmful substances to enter the bloodstream, triggering inflammation. This chronic inflammation contributes to the development of atherosclerosis as well as other diseases and can also raise blood pressure.

Other considerations:

The link between intestinal permeability, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease is complex. Other factors, such as lifestyle and genetics, also play significant roles in the development of atherosclerosis and high blood pressure.